The manufacturing process of perovskite solar cells involves multiple precise steps, with laser technology playing a critical role in enhancing efficiency and stability. The key steps include:
Substrate Preparation: Cleaning and pre-treating the substrate (e.g., glass or flexible polymers) to ensure optimal adhesion and conductivity.
Electrode Deposition: Depositing transparent conductive oxides (e.g., ITO or FTO) as bottom electrodes.
