The overall timeline varies depending on equipment specifications and production line scale. For standalone equipment, standard models require a 45-day manufacturing cycle, with total duration (including shipping and installation) of approximately 60 days. Customized equipment requires an additional 30 days based on technical requirements. For complete line solutions: • 100MW-level production lines require ~4 months for planning, equipment manufacturing, installation, and commissioning • GW-level production lines require ~8 months We provide detailed project schedules with dedicated managers ensuring seamless coordination. Example: A client's 1GW perovskite production line was completed 15 days ahead of schedule through parallel equipment manufacturing and facility construction.

Locsen offers a "Phased Partnership Program" specifically designed for perovskite startups. For the initial R&D phase, we provide compact pilot-scale equipment (e.g., 10MW laser scribing systems) bundled with essential process packages to facilitate technology validation and product iteration. During scale-up phases, startups qualify for upgrade benefits: • Core modules from pilot equipment can be traded in with value deduction toward production-line machinery • Optional technical collaboration including process development support and experimental data sharing This program has successfully enabled multiple startups to transition smoothly from lab to pilot production while mitigating early-stage investment risks.

Locsen's laser equipment features exceptional size compatibility, capable of processing perovskite solar cells ranging from 10cm×10cm to 2.4m×1.2m. For oversized cell processing (e.g., 12m×2.4m rigid substrates), we offer customized gantry-type laser systems with multi-laser-head synchronization to ensure both precision and throughput. • Proven Performance: Successfully processed 1.2m×0.6m cells with industry-leading scribing accuracy (±15μm) and uniformity (＞98%) • Modular Design: Swappable optical modules adapt to varying thicknesses (0.1-6mm) • Smart Calibration: AI-assisted real-time beam alignment compensates for substrate warpage

Yes, Locsen provides comprehensive laser processing solutions covering the entire perovskite solar cell production chain: P0 Laser Marking: For cell identification post-film deposition P1/P2/P3 Laser Scribing: Precision patterning of • Transparent conductive layers (P1) • Perovskite active layers (P2) • Back electrodes (P3) P4 Edge Isolation: Micron-level edge trimming to prevent short-circuiting Tandem Cell Modules: Dedicated laser etching systems for multi-material layer processing Our integrated equipment ecosystem ensures all laser processing requirements are met with: • ≤20μm alignment accuracy across layers • Thermal Affect Zone controlled under 5μm • Modular platforms supporting R&D to GW-scale production

Locsen's laser systems demonstrate exceptional adaptability to diverse perovskite compositions. • Preloaded Parameters: Optimized settings for mainstream formulations (e.g., FAPbI₃, CsPbI₃) in the laser recipe library enable instant operator access • R&D Support: For novel compositions (e.g., Sn-based perovskites), our team delivers: Custom wavelength/fluence calibration within 72 hours Performance validation ensuring <1% PCE degradation post-processing • Smart Compensation: On-board spectroscopy modules monitor reflectivity in real-time, automatically adjusting: Pulse duration (20-500ns) Beam profile (Top-hat/Gaussian) Energy density (0.5-3J/cm²) Technical Highlights: ▸ Tolerance for ±15% stoichiometric variation in Pb:Sn ratios ▸ Support for 2D/3D hybrid phase patterning ▸ Non-contact processing avoids cross-contamination